MEMO
Evolução do metabolismo da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa
Lições para um futuro urbano sustentável
Referência: PTDC/EMS-ENE/2197/2012
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Evolution of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area Metabolism
Lessons towards a Sustainable Urban Future
1) T. Marat-Mendes, P. Bento d’Almeida, J. Mourão (2015) “A legenda do Levantamento da Planta de Lisboa”. In I. Viegas, M. Gomes (eds) Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa: Um Acervo para a História. Lisboa: Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa/Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, p. 275-287 ISBN 978-989-96300-5-5. (abstract)
2) T. Marat-Mendes, J. Mourão, P. Bento d’Almeida, (2015) “The study of urban form versus water management” in V. Oliveira, P. Pinho, L. M. Batista, T. Patatas, C. Monteiro (eds) Our Common Future in Urban Morphology, FEUP, Porto. Vol. 2. ISBN: 978-972-99101-6-6, pp. 1092-1106. (abstract)
3) T. Marat-Mendes, J. Mourão, P. Bento d’Almeida, S. Niza, D. Ferreira (2014) “Mapping Lisbon Urban Agriculture (1898-1911)” Proceedings 12th International Conference on Urban History: Cities in Europe, Cities in the World, Session. FCSH – UNL, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-6 September 2014. (abstract)
4) S. Niza, D. Ferreira, T. Marat-Mendes, J. Mourão, P. Bento d’Almeida (2014) “The metabolic behaviour of Lisbon Metropolitan Area from the pre-industrial period to the present”, 12th International Conference on Urban History: Cities in Europe, Cities in the World, Session M26 Cities – Environment – Sustainability, FCSH – UNL, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-6 September 2014. (abstract)
Abstracts
1) A legenda do Levantamento da Planta de Lisboa
O Levantamento da Planta de Lisboa elaborado pelo Engenheiro Júlio António Vieira da Silva Pinto, entre 1904 e 1911, resulta de uma encomenda da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. Desta Planta chegaram até nós 249 cartas à escala 1:1000, em suporte de papel com a dimensão 930x640 mm, que se encontram disponíveis no Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa.
Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de legenda para o Levantamento da Planta de Lisboa, identificada no âmbito do projecto de investigação MEMO – Evolução do Metabolismo Urbano da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Lições para um Futuro Urbano Sustentável financiado pela FCT (PTDC/EMS-ENE/2197/2012).
Incidindo em Lisboa, o detalhe oferecido pelas cartas do Engenheiro Silva Pinto possibilitou a comparação com outras fontes cartográficas. Nesse sentido, este artigo expõe o resultado dessa comparação, traduzido numa proposta de legenda para cinco cultivos (árvores, hortas, olivais, terras lavradas e vinhas).
Na certeza de que a informação facultada pela legenda proposta servira a comunidade científica com interesse na história da cidade de Lisboa, justifica-se a sua divulgação.
2) The study of urban form versus water management
This paper exhibits the on-going results of a research project, MEMO - Evolution of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area Metabolism. Lessons towards a Sustainable Urban Future, which aims to develop a comparative analysis of the metabolic behaviour of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), in different historical periods (1900-1950-today).
The existing relationship between urban form and the access to water is examined, to provide a possible application of urban morphology to face Our Common Future (WCED, 1987). The concept of urban form considered in this investigation includes territorial, urban and rural forms that testify the man will to transform the territory, while providing access to water.
Nine types of water elements were identified and analysed against three territorial scales: Municipality, Settlements and Royal Farms. The analysed relationship between the water elements and the access to water contributed to visualise the characterization of the metabolic behaviour of Lisbon Region, in 1900. Finally, this study testifies that specific urban forms of water typologies are preferable than others, at different territorial scales. Thus, testifying the interaction between urban form and water management, but also how and why specific urban forms and territorial arrangements were selected and allocated to better respond to human and environmental needs.
3) Mapping Lisbon Urban Agriculture (1898-1911)
Lisbon municipality testified the existence of urban agriculture in the beginning of twentieth century. In addition, food was also supplied by other territories. Drawing on the case study of Lisbon this paper aims to provide an analysis of the production and consumption of potato, olive, olive oil, wine, fresh vegetables and fruits. These crops and products depended on specific location, size and shape of territorial arrangements, as well as on associated water provision elements, which together determined a specific Lisbon urban agriculture map.
This analysis comprises an historical account of specific Lisbon’s statistical and cartographical information, produced for Lisbon between 1898 and 1911. The results of the analysis provide an overview of the relationship between food production and consumption, as well as an outlook over the urban form and territorial solutions that assured specific urban agricultural options and water provision solution, for the period of time under analysis. Finally, this study confirms that in the beginning of XX century Lisbon was not self-sufficient in terms of food provision, for the specific products under analysis.
4) The metabolic behaviour of Lisbon Metropolitan Area from the pre-industrial period to the present
This paper introduces the methodological and theoretical approach followed in the undergoing project MEMO and its contribution to the update of the environmental history of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA).
In the aim of the project a comparative analysis of the metabolic behaviour of the LMA in different historical periods (from pre-industrial period to the present) is developed and preliminary results for the end of the XIX century are presented here for Lisbon city, particularly. The production and consumption of food products in Lisbon in the 1890-1900 decade is accounted and the citizens’ diet is assessed and compared to Paris and Vienna’s citizens’ diets and the nitrogen consumption is measured - an element that represents a proxy of the environmental pressure of cities, particularly in what concerns food consumption.
